714 lines
25 KiB
Python
714 lines
25 KiB
Python
"""
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Host actions: make a pad key open a URL, launch an app, or run a command.
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The pad can't do any of that itself. All it can ever send is a key press.
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So an action is two halves:
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on the pad the control is bound to a spare key, one of F13 to F24,
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which no normal keyboard has and no desktop binds
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on the host a small listener watches the pad's keyboard interface and,
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when it sees one of those keys, runs the action
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The listener is optional and off unless you turn it on. When it isn't
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running, action keys send F13 to F24 and nothing happens, and every other
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key on the pad works exactly as before.
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It reads the pad's keyboard interface through /dev/hidraw, the same way the
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rest of the app talks to the pad, so the udev rule that already exists is
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all the permission it needs. Reading hidraw doesn't take the key away from
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the desktop; it just gets a copy.
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"""
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import errno
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import glob
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import json
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import os
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import re
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import select
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import shlex
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import signal
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import subprocess
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import sys
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import time
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from dataclasses import dataclass
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from pathlib import Path
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from . import core
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try:
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import fcntl
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except ImportError: # Windows: no flock, no uinput ioctl
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fcntl = None
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proto = core.proto
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TRIGGERS = tuple(f"f{i}" for i in range(13, 25))
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CODE_TO_TRIGGER = {proto.KEYCODES[t]: t for t in TRIGGERS}
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# Linux's keyboard layer gives some of these keys a meaning of their own, so
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# the desktop acts on them as well as the listener. F13, F20 and F21 were
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# confirmed on Plasma 6; F22 and F23 are the touchpad on and off keys from
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# the same table. They can still be chosen, but they're picked last.
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CLAIMED = {
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"f13": "often opens System Settings",
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"f20": "often mutes the microphone",
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"f21": "often toggles the touchpad",
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"f22": "may switch the touchpad on",
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"f23": "may switch the touchpad off",
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}
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# the order the automatic pick tries them in
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PREFERRED = tuple(sorted(TRIGGERS, key=lambda t: (t in CLAIMED, int(t[1:]))))
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KINDS = ("url", "app", "command", "text")
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PASTE_KEYS = ("ctrl+v", "ctrl+shift+v")
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# ------------------------------------------------------------------ action
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@dataclass(frozen=True)
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class Action:
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"""What the computer does when a trigger key arrives."""
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kind: str # url | app | command | text
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target: str # the URL, the command line, or the text to type
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name: str = "" # for apps, the name people recognise
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paste: str = "" # for text: the paste shortcut, ctrl+v unless set
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def validate(self):
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if self.kind not in KINDS:
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raise ValueError(f"unknown action kind '{self.kind}'")
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if not self.target.strip():
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raise ValueError({"url": "enter a web address",
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"app": "pick an app",
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"command": "enter a command",
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"text": "enter the text to type"}[self.kind])
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if self.paste and self.paste not in PASTE_KEYS:
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raise ValueError(f"unknown paste shortcut '{self.paste}'")
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if self.kind == "url" and " " in self.target.strip():
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raise ValueError("a web address can't contain spaces")
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return self
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@property
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def url(self):
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"""URLs without a scheme get https, so 'github.com' just works."""
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t = self.target.strip()
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if self.kind != "url" or re.match(r"^[a-z][a-z0-9+.-]*:", t, re.I):
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return t
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return "https://" + t
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def label(self):
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"""Short enough for a keycap."""
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if self.kind == "url":
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host = re.sub(r"^[a-z][a-z0-9+.-]*://", "", self.url, flags=re.I)
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host = host.split("/")[0].removeprefix("www.")
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return f"Open {host}"
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if self.kind == "app":
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return self.name or self.target.split()[0].rsplit("/", 1)[-1]
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if self.kind == "text":
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line = self.target.strip().splitlines()[0]
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short = line if len(line) <= 16 else line[:15].rstrip() + "…"
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return f'Type "{short}"'
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first = self.target.strip().split()[0].rsplit("/", 1)[-1]
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return f"Run {first}"
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def argv(self):
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"""What to execute. Shell only where the user wrote a shell command."""
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if self.kind == "url":
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return ["xdg-open", self.url]
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if self.kind == "app":
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try:
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return shlex.split(self.target)
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except ValueError:
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return ["sh", "-c", self.target]
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return ["sh", "-c", self.target]
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def run(self, _popen=None):
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"""Start it and walk away. The listener must never block on an app."""
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if self.kind == "text":
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return type_text(self.target, self.paste or "ctrl+v")
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return (_popen or subprocess.Popen)(self.argv(), stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL,
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stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
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start_new_session=True)
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def to_json(self):
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d = {"kind": self.kind, "target": self.target}
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if self.name:
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d["name"] = self.name
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if self.paste:
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d["paste"] = self.paste
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return d
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@classmethod
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def from_json(cls, d):
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return cls(kind=d["kind"], target=d["target"], name=d.get("name", ""),
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paste=d.get("paste", "")).validate()
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# ------------------------------------------------------------------- store
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class ActionStore:
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"""
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trigger key -> Action, in ~/.config/macropad/actions.json.
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Keyed by trigger rather than by control, because that's what the
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listener sees: a key, not a position on the pad. It also means reading
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the pad back still makes sense, since a control bound to F17 can be
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looked up here.
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"""
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def __init__(self, path=None):
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self.path = Path(path) if path else core.config_dir() / "actions.json"
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self.by_trigger = {}
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self._mtime = None
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self.reload()
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def reload(self):
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try:
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st = self.path.stat()
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except FileNotFoundError:
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self.by_trigger, self._mtime = {}, None
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return
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if st.st_mtime == self._mtime:
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return
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data = json.loads(self.path.read_text())
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self.by_trigger = {t: Action.from_json(a)
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for t, a in data.get("actions", {}).items()
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if t in TRIGGERS}
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self._mtime = st.st_mtime
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def save(self):
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core._atomic_write_json(self.path, {
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"format": 1,
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"actions": {t: a.to_json() for t, a in sorted(self.by_trigger.items())}})
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self._mtime = self.path.stat().st_mtime
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def get(self, trigger):
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return self.by_trigger.get(trigger)
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def set(self, trigger, action):
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if trigger not in TRIGGERS:
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raise ValueError(f"{trigger} isn't a trigger key")
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self.by_trigger[trigger] = action.validate()
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def remove(self, trigger):
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self.by_trigger.pop(trigger, None)
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def prune(self, bound_keys):
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"""
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Forget actions whose trigger no longer sits on any control. Only
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call this when every control's binding is known, or it may throw
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away an action that's still on the pad.
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"""
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gone = [t for t in self.by_trigger if t not in bound_keys]
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for t in gone:
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del self.by_trigger[t]
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return gone
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def trigger_of(binding):
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"""The trigger key a binding sends, or None if it isn't one."""
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if binding and binding.keys and binding.keys.lower() in TRIGGERS:
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return binding.keys.lower()
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return None
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def trigger_free(trigger, store, used_keys, current=None):
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"""Can this control use this trigger without clashing with another?"""
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if trigger == current:
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return True
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return trigger not in store.by_trigger and trigger not in used_keys
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def pick_trigger(store, used_keys, current=None, want=None):
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"""
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A trigger key for a control.
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If the person asked for a particular one and it's free, that. Otherwise
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keep the one the control already has, so editing an action doesn't need
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a write to the pad. Otherwise the first free one, trying the keys the
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desktop leaves alone before the ones it's known to act on. None when all
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twelve are taken.
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"""
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if want in TRIGGERS and trigger_free(want, store, used_keys, current):
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return want
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if current in TRIGGERS:
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return current
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for t in PREFERRED:
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if trigger_free(t, store, used_keys):
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return t
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return None
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# -------------------------------------------------------------- typing text
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#
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# Typing a phrase is harder than it sounds on Linux. Keyboards send key
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# positions, not letters, so typing "£" or "@" key by key means knowing the
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# person's layout, and emoji can't be typed that way at all. So we do what
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# text expanders like espanso do for anything longer than a word: put the
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# text on the clipboard, then press the paste shortcut. That works for any
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# text in any layout.
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#
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# Pressing the shortcut means sending key presses, which on Linux goes
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# through /dev/uinput: a virtual keyboard. It needs one permission rule,
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# the same one Steam installs for its controller support.
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UINPUT = "/dev/uinput"
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UINPUT_RULE = ('KERNEL=="uinput", SUBSYSTEM=="misc", TAG+="uaccess", '
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'OPTIONS+="static_node=uinput"')
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_EV_SYN, _EV_KEY, _SYN_REPORT = 0, 1, 0
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_UI_SET_EVBIT = 0x40045564 # _IOW('U', 100, int)
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_UI_SET_KEYBIT = 0x40045565 # _IOW('U', 101, int)
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_UI_DEV_CREATE = 0x5501 # _IO('U', 1)
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_UI_DEV_DESTROY = 0x5502 # _IO('U', 2)
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_KEY = {"ctrl": 29, "shift": 42, "v": 47}
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class VirtualKeyboard:
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"""
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A tiny keyboard that only knows Ctrl, Shift and V. Created once and kept,
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because a brand new input device takes the compositor a moment to notice,
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and the first paste would otherwise go missing.
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"""
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def __init__(self, path=UINPUT, _open=os.open, _ioctl=None,
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_write=os.write, _sleep=time.sleep):
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import struct
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self._struct, self._write, self._sleep = struct, _write, _sleep
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self.fd = _open(path, os.O_WRONLY | os.O_NONBLOCK)
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_ioctl = _ioctl or fcntl.ioctl
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_ioctl(self.fd, _UI_SET_EVBIT, _EV_KEY)
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for code in _KEY.values():
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_ioctl(self.fd, _UI_SET_KEYBIT, code)
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name = b"MacroPad virtual keyboard"
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# struct uinput_user_dev: name, input_id, ff_effects_max, 4 x 64 abs
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dev = struct.pack("<80sHHHHI256i", name, 0x03, 0x1189, 0x8841, 1, 0,
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*([0] * 256))
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_write(self.fd, dev)
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_ioctl(self.fd, _UI_DEV_CREATE)
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_sleep(0.3)
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self._ioctl = _ioctl
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def _emit(self, typ, code, value):
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self._write(self.fd, self._struct.pack("@llHHi", 0, 0, typ, code, value))
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def press(self, combo):
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"""Hold the modifiers, tap the key, let go, in that order."""
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keys = [_KEY[k] for k in combo.split("+")]
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for code in keys:
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self._emit(_EV_KEY, code, 1)
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self._emit(_EV_SYN, _SYN_REPORT, 0)
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self._sleep(0.02)
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for code in reversed(keys):
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self._emit(_EV_KEY, code, 0)
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self._emit(_EV_SYN, _SYN_REPORT, 0)
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def close(self):
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try:
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self._ioctl(self.fd, _UI_DEV_DESTROY)
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finally:
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os.close(self.fd)
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_keyboard = None
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def _virtual_keyboard():
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global _keyboard
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if _keyboard is None:
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_keyboard = VirtualKeyboard()
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return _keyboard
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def on_wayland():
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return bool(os.environ.get("WAYLAND_DISPLAY")) or \
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os.environ.get("XDG_SESSION_TYPE") == "wayland"
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def _clipboard_tool():
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"""The program that can set the clipboard in this session, or None."""
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import shutil
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if on_wayland():
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return ["wl-copy"] if shutil.which("wl-copy") else None
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if shutil.which("xclip"):
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return ["xclip", "-selection", "clipboard"]
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if shutil.which("xsel"):
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return ["xsel", "--clipboard", "--input"]
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return None
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def set_clipboard(text, _run=subprocess.run):
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tool = _clipboard_tool()
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if not tool:
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raise OSError(errno.ENOENT, "no clipboard tool installed")
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# wl-copy and xclip hand the text to a background copy of themselves and
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# return straight away, so this doesn't hang.
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_run(tool, input=text.encode(), check=True, timeout=5,
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stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL)
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def type_text(text, paste="ctrl+v", _clip=None, _keyboard_factory=None):
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"""Put the text on the clipboard and press paste."""
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(_clip or set_clipboard)(text)
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time.sleep(0.08) # let the clipboard change land first
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(_keyboard_factory or _virtual_keyboard)().press(paste)
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def _install_hint(package):
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try:
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text = Path("/etc/os-release").read_text()
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except OSError:
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text = ""
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family = " ".join(l.split("=", 1)[1].strip('"') for l in text.splitlines()
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if l.startswith(("ID=", "ID_LIKE=")))
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if "arch" in family:
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return f"sudo pacman -S {package}"
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if "fedora" in family or "rhel" in family:
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return f"sudo dnf install {package}"
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if "debian" in family or "ubuntu" in family:
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return f"sudo apt install {package}"
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return f"# install the {package} package with your package manager"
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def text_problems():
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"""
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What stands between this computer and typing text, as
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[(what's wrong, [commands that fix it])]. Empty means ready.
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"""
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out = []
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if not os.access(UINPUT, os.W_OK):
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out.append((
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"MacroPad needs permission to press the paste shortcut for you. "
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"It's the same permission Steam asks for.",
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[f"echo '{UINPUT_RULE}' | sudo tee /etc/udev/rules.d/60-macropad-uinput.rules",
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"sudo modprobe uinput",
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"sudo udevadm control --reload-rules && sudo udevadm trigger --sysname-match=uinput"]))
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if not _clipboard_tool():
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package = "wl-clipboard" if on_wayland() else "xclip"
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out.append((f"It also needs {package} to put the text on the clipboard.",
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[_install_hint(package)]))
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return out
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# ------------------------------------------------------------ installed apps
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_FIELD_CODE = re.compile(r"^%[a-zA-Z]$")
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def clean_exec(line):
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"""
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Turn a .desktop Exec line into a command we can run. Drops the %U style
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field codes, and Flatpak's @@u / @@ markers, which only make sense to a
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launcher that is about to pass files.
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"""
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try:
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parts = shlex.split(line)
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except ValueError:
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parts = line.split()
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parts = [p for p in parts if not _FIELD_CODE.match(p) and not p.startswith("@@")]
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return shlex.join(p.replace("%%", "%") for p in parts)
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def _app_dirs():
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home = Path(os.environ.get("XDG_DATA_HOME") or Path.home() / ".local/share")
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dirs = [home / "applications"]
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for d in (os.environ.get("XDG_DATA_DIRS") or "/usr/local/share:/usr/share").split(":"):
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if d:
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dirs.append(Path(d) / "applications")
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dirs += [home / "flatpak/exports/share/applications",
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Path("/var/lib/flatpak/exports/share/applications")]
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return dirs
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def installed_apps(dirs=None):
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"""[(name, command)] for launchable apps, sorted, first definition wins."""
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seen, apps = set(), []
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for d in dirs or _app_dirs():
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for f in sorted(glob.glob(str(d / "*.desktop"))):
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ident = os.path.basename(f)
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if ident in seen:
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continue
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seen.add(ident)
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entry = _read_desktop_entry(f)
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if not entry or entry.get("Type") != "Application":
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continue
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if entry.get("NoDisplay") == "true" or entry.get("Hidden") == "true":
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continue
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if entry.get("Name") and entry.get("Exec"):
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apps.append((entry["Name"], clean_exec(entry["Exec"])))
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return sorted(apps, key=lambda a: a[0].lower())
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def _read_desktop_entry(path):
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try:
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with open(path, encoding="utf-8", errors="replace") as f:
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text = f.read()
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except OSError:
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return None
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entry, inside = {}, False
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for line in text.splitlines():
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line = line.strip()
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if line.startswith("["):
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inside = line == "[Desktop Entry]"
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continue
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if inside and "=" in line and not line.startswith("#"):
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k, v = line.split("=", 1)
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entry.setdefault(k.strip(), v.strip()) # skip Name[fr] etc.
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return entry
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# ----------------------------------------------------------------- listener
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def _descriptor_keyboard_report_id(raw):
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"""
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Does this HID descriptor describe a keyboard, and if so which report id
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carries it? (True, 0) means a keyboard with no report ids at all.
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"""
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i, usage_page, usage, report_id = 0, 0, 0, 0
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stack, in_kbd = [], False
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while i < len(raw):
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b = raw[i]
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if b == 0xFE: # long item
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i += 3 + (raw[i + 1] if i + 1 < len(raw) else 0)
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continue
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size = b & 3
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size = 4 if size == 3 else size
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tag, typ = b >> 4, (b >> 2) & 3
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data = int.from_bytes(raw[i + 1:i + 1 + size], "little")
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if typ == 1 and tag == 0:
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usage_page = data
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elif typ == 1 and tag == 8:
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report_id = data
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elif typ == 2 and tag == 0:
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usage = data
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elif typ == 0 and tag == 10: # collection
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|
stack.append(in_kbd)
|
|
if usage_page == 1 and usage == 6:
|
|
in_kbd = True
|
|
elif typ == 0 and tag == 12: # end collection
|
|
in_kbd = stack.pop() if stack else False
|
|
elif typ == 0 and tag == 8 and in_kbd: # an input item
|
|
return True, report_id
|
|
i += 1 + size
|
|
return False, 0
|
|
|
|
|
|
def find_keyboard_nodes(vid=core.VID):
|
|
"""[(hidraw path, keyboard report id)] for every pad keyboard interface."""
|
|
out = []
|
|
for node in sorted(glob.glob("/sys/class/hidraw/hidraw*")):
|
|
dev = os.path.join(node, "device")
|
|
try:
|
|
uevent = Path(dev, "uevent").read_text()
|
|
raw = Path(dev, "report_descriptor").read_bytes()
|
|
except OSError:
|
|
continue
|
|
hid_id = next((l.split("=", 1)[1] for l in uevent.splitlines()
|
|
if l.startswith("HID_ID=")), "")
|
|
if hid_id.count(":") != 2 or hid_id.split(":")[1][-4:].lower() != vid:
|
|
continue
|
|
is_kbd, rid = _descriptor_keyboard_report_id(raw)
|
|
if is_kbd:
|
|
out.append(("/dev/" + os.path.basename(node), rid))
|
|
return out
|
|
|
|
|
|
def pressed_codes(report, report_id):
|
|
"""
|
|
The keycodes held down in one keyboard report, or None if this report
|
|
isn't a keyboard one. Standard layout: [id], modifiers, reserved, six
|
|
key slots.
|
|
"""
|
|
if report_id:
|
|
if not report or report[0] != report_id:
|
|
return None
|
|
report = report[1:]
|
|
if len(report) < 3:
|
|
return None
|
|
return {c for c in report[2:8] if c}
|
|
|
|
|
|
class Listener:
|
|
"""
|
|
Turns trigger key presses into actions. Fires once per press, on the
|
|
way down, however long the key is held.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, store, log=print, run=None):
|
|
self.store = store
|
|
self.log = log
|
|
self.run = run or (lambda action: action.run())
|
|
self.held = set()
|
|
|
|
def feed(self, codes):
|
|
if codes is None:
|
|
return []
|
|
fired = []
|
|
for code in codes - self.held:
|
|
trigger = CODE_TO_TRIGGER.get(code)
|
|
if not trigger:
|
|
continue
|
|
action = self.store.get(trigger)
|
|
if not action:
|
|
self.log(f"{trigger.upper()} pressed, but no action is set for it")
|
|
continue
|
|
self.log(f"{trigger.upper()}: {action.label()}")
|
|
try:
|
|
self.run(action)
|
|
fired.append(trigger)
|
|
except OSError as e:
|
|
self.log(f"couldn't run {action.label()}: {e.strerror or e}")
|
|
self.held = set(codes)
|
|
return fired
|
|
|
|
|
|
def runtime_dir():
|
|
d = os.environ.get("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR") or str(Path.home() / ".cache")
|
|
return Path(d)
|
|
|
|
|
|
LOCK = "macropad-actions.lock"
|
|
|
|
|
|
def listen(debug=False, log=print):
|
|
"""
|
|
Run until stopped. Survives the pad being unplugged, and picks up edits
|
|
to actions.json without a restart.
|
|
"""
|
|
if fcntl is None:
|
|
log("The actions listener needs /dev/hidraw and uinput, which only exist on Linux.")
|
|
return 1
|
|
lock_path = runtime_dir() / LOCK
|
|
lock_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
|
|
lock = open(lock_path, "a+")
|
|
try:
|
|
fcntl.flock(lock, fcntl.LOCK_EX | fcntl.LOCK_NB)
|
|
except OSError:
|
|
log("Actions are already running.")
|
|
return 1
|
|
lock.seek(0)
|
|
lock.truncate()
|
|
lock.write(str(os.getpid()))
|
|
lock.flush()
|
|
|
|
stop = {"now": False}
|
|
signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, lambda *_: stop.__setitem__("now", True))
|
|
|
|
store = ActionStore()
|
|
listener = Listener(store, log=log)
|
|
log(f"Listening for F13 to F24 on the pad. {len(store.by_trigger)} action(s) set.")
|
|
|
|
fds, waiting_said = {}, False
|
|
try:
|
|
while not stop["now"]:
|
|
if not fds:
|
|
for path, rid in find_keyboard_nodes():
|
|
try:
|
|
fds[os.open(path, os.O_RDONLY | os.O_NONBLOCK)] = (path, rid)
|
|
except OSError as e:
|
|
log(f"can't open {path}: {e.strerror}")
|
|
if fds:
|
|
log("Pad found: " + ", ".join(p for p, _ in fds.values()))
|
|
waiting_said = False
|
|
else:
|
|
if not waiting_said:
|
|
log("Waiting for the pad to be plugged in...")
|
|
waiting_said = True
|
|
time.sleep(2)
|
|
continue
|
|
|
|
store.reload()
|
|
ready, _, _ = select.select(list(fds), [], [], 1.0)
|
|
for fd in ready:
|
|
path, rid = fds[fd]
|
|
try:
|
|
data = os.read(fd, 64)
|
|
except BlockingIOError:
|
|
continue
|
|
except OSError as e:
|
|
if e.errno in (errno.ENODEV, errno.EIO, errno.ENOENT):
|
|
log("Pad unplugged.")
|
|
for f in list(fds):
|
|
os.close(f)
|
|
fds.clear()
|
|
listener.held.clear()
|
|
break
|
|
raise
|
|
if debug:
|
|
log(f"{path}: {data.hex(' ')}")
|
|
listener.feed(pressed_codes(data, rid))
|
|
except KeyboardInterrupt:
|
|
pass
|
|
finally:
|
|
for f in fds:
|
|
os.close(f)
|
|
lock.close()
|
|
log("Stopped.")
|
|
return 0
|
|
|
|
|
|
# ---------------------------------------------------------------- autostart
|
|
|
|
def autostart_path():
|
|
base = os.environ.get("XDG_CONFIG_HOME") or str(Path.home() / ".config")
|
|
return Path(base) / "autostart" / "macropad-actions.desktop"
|
|
|
|
|
|
def listener_command():
|
|
"""How to start the listener: the installed launcher if there is one."""
|
|
wrapper = Path.home() / ".local/bin/macropad"
|
|
if wrapper.exists():
|
|
return [str(wrapper), "actions"], None
|
|
return [sys.executable, "-m", "macropad_gui", "actions"], \
|
|
str(Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def autostart_enabled():
|
|
return autostart_path().exists()
|
|
|
|
|
|
def set_autostart(on):
|
|
path = autostart_path()
|
|
if not on:
|
|
path.unlink(missing_ok=True)
|
|
return
|
|
argv, cwd = listener_command()
|
|
lines = ["[Desktop Entry]", "Type=Application",
|
|
"Name=MacroPad actions",
|
|
"Comment=Runs the actions bound to your macro pad's keys",
|
|
"Exec=" + " ".join(shlex.quote(a) for a in argv),
|
|
"NoDisplay=true", "Terminal=false",
|
|
"X-GNOME-Autostart-enabled=true"]
|
|
if cwd:
|
|
lines.append(f"Path={cwd}")
|
|
path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
|
|
path.write_text("\n".join(lines) + "\n")
|
|
|
|
|
|
def listener_pid():
|
|
"""The running listener's pid, checked against /proc so we never signal a stranger."""
|
|
try:
|
|
pid = int((runtime_dir() / LOCK).read_text().strip())
|
|
cmd = Path(f"/proc/{pid}/cmdline").read_bytes()
|
|
except (OSError, ValueError):
|
|
return None
|
|
return pid if b"actions" in cmd and b"macropad" in cmd else None
|
|
|
|
|
|
def start_listener():
|
|
if listener_pid():
|
|
return listener_pid()
|
|
argv, cwd = listener_command()
|
|
log = open(runtime_dir() / "macropad-actions.log", "a")
|
|
p = subprocess.Popen(argv, cwd=cwd, stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL,
|
|
stdout=log, stderr=log, start_new_session=True)
|
|
return p.pid
|
|
|
|
|
|
def stop_listener():
|
|
pid = listener_pid()
|
|
if pid:
|
|
try:
|
|
os.kill(pid, signal.SIGTERM)
|
|
except ProcessLookupError:
|
|
pass
|
|
return pid
|